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The Moral Education Theory Of Punishment - 957 Words

I would now like to further demark the limitations of power that the government can have over its’ citizens with the Parent/ Child versus Law argument presented by Jean Hampton in â€Å"The Moral Education Theory of Punishment†. Hampton says that parents are much more entitled to punish their children than any other institution, and particularly governments, as parents have the role of what Hampton dubs â€Å"moral paternalism,† which is to teach their children the entire content of morality. Other Philosophers such as John Stuart Mill have also rejected a role of paternalism in government and go even further and say that a law cannot restrict what an individual does to himself, â€Å"specifically, such philosophers as John Stuart Mill have rejected the state’s passing any law which would restrict what an individual can do to himself (as opposed to what he can do to another) (John Stuart Mill on Jean Hampton 218-219). This is also a principle that Nozick defends â€Å"to the right of persons to be left alone and live their own lives, provided they are not violating the rights of others† (Nozick 381). These limits agree with the origins of our legislation and I believe are quintessential to creating moral legislation as well as picking which actions are punishable by the state and which are not. In summary, what I find to be a valid moral justification theory of punishment incorporates the above mentioned limitations of law as explained by Hampton and Mill. Furthermore, I would like toShow MoreRelatedTheories Of Punishment994 Words   |  4 Pages2017 Punishment is defined as â€Å"the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense† (â€Å"Punishment†). Some prominent theories of punishment include retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and the moral education theory. Although retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation are all crucial components of punishment justification, independently the theories have weaknesses that avert the moral rationalization of punishment. I believe that Jean Hampton’s moral education theory is theRead MoreKohlberg s Theory Of Moral Development1684 Words   |  7 PagesIn American education, teachers are focused on the intellectual growth of students. However, as educators, teachers not only have the opportunity to grow students intellectually, but also more holistically. One crucial area of a student’s life that is impacted by education is their morality. This paper will explore Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, which addresses the idea of a person s progression of morality. It will first examine the concept of the theory and its founder. It will then followRead MoreExamining the Central Ideas Relating to Justice, Law and Punishment1114 Words   |  5 PagesJustice is associated with the notion of treating people equally and fairly. It is an important aspect of the social democracy that contributes to the legal and moral system of society, which implements the necessary laws and punishments. According to Plato reaching human excellence is synonymous with justice. A just state is where individuals work harmoniously together by doing the job for which they are most naturally fitted, whilst philosopher guardians rule to ensure that society maintains aRead MoreLawrence Kohlberg s Levels Of Morality1422 Words   |  6 Pages Lawrence Kohlberg’s Levels of Morality And How We Can Relate Ourselves to his Theory Sarah Blasco Tri-County Technical College LAWRENCE KOHLBERG’S LEVELS OF MORALITY Abstract This purpose of this is to describe Kohlberg’s theory of morality in detail; I will describe each level that pertains to this theory and how they have affected me personally. Lawrence Kohlberg theory of moral development is divided into three different levels; the first level is the preconventionalRead MoreThe Theory Of Moral Development Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe theory of moral development was developed by psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg and is a very interesting subject that stemmed from Jean Piaget’s theory of moral reasoning. this theory helped us to develop the understanding that morality starts from the early childhood years and can be affected by several factors. This theory encompasses the ideas that moral reasoning, which is considered the basis for moral behavior, has six identifiable developmental stages. According to Kohlberg the six stagesRead MoreChapter 7. 7.1 What Is Deviance?. Deviance – Behavior That1447 Words   |  6 PagesContainmen t Theory suggests that strong moral standards and positive self-image can keep boys from becoming delinquent. †¢ Most crimes are committed by people who are psychologically normal. The Social Foundations of Deviance Three social foundations: 1. deviance varies according to cultural norms 2. people become deviant as others define them that way 3. how societies set norms and how they define rule breaking both involve social power 7.2 The Functions of Deviance: Structural-Functional Theories Durkheim’sRead More Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdissertation, which explained his theory of the development of moral reasoning. This was dependent on Dewey’s and Piaget’s way of thinking.) Lawrence not only taught at the University of Chicago, but also at Harvard University, where his theory became popular through research studies that were conducted at Harvard’s Center for Moral Education. His theory pioneered the world of science between both positivists and behavioralists by the presentation of a new theory of moral development that would bridgeRead MoreIs it Ethical? Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of right and wrong. As children grow, their views on the world develop. Many will argue that children gain their morals from their parents; others say that children get their morals from the people that they interact with. The development of morals is a topic of controversy in both the scientific and philosophical/ethical communities. When thinking about higher education and the role ethics play on the individuals, many psychologists and other professions have considered whether or not universitiesRead MoreDurkheim s Theory Of Social Bonds1339 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished many sociological theories throughout his time that still are relevant today and have been studied by many sociologists during his time and now currently. One of the more popular theories that has been altered slightly but still used today is Durkheim’s Anomie Theory. The Anomie Theory has been studied by many other famous sociologists such as Robert King Merton and Robert Agnew. It eventually branched into what is now known as the Strain Theory. Currently, these theories are being changed andRead MoreRational Choice vs. Trait Theory Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesRational Choice Theory VS. Trait Theory Student Name Criminology : Park University Online Program In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the Rational Choice Theory(s) and the Trait Theory(s). We will start with the history of the two theories and progress toward some of the individual principles in the theories. Next step will be explaining how each theory contributes to criminal behavior. My closing paragraph will conclude

Como Agua Para Chocolate Free Essays

Verbal and Visual Representation of Women: Como agua para chocolate / Like Water for Chocolate By MARIA ELENA DE VALDES Como agua para chocolate is the first novel by Laura Esquivel (b. 1950 ). Published in Spanish in 1989 and in English translation in 1992, followed by the release of the feature film that same year, the novel has thrust this Mexican woman writer into the world of international critical acclaim as well as best-seller popularity. We will write a custom essay sample on Como Agua Para Chocolate or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since Esquivel also wrote the screenplay for director Alfonso Arau, the novel and the film together offer us an excellent opportunity to examine the interplay between the verbal and visual representation of women. Esquivel’s previous work had all been as a screenwriter. Her script for Chido Guan, el Tacos de Oro ( 1985 ) was nominated for the Ariel in Mexico, an award she won eight years later for Como agua para chocolate. The study of verbal and visual imagery must begin with the understanding that both the novel and, to a lesser extent, the film work as a parody of a genre. The genre in question is the Mexican version of women’s fiction published in monthly installments together with recipes, home remedies, dressmaking patterns, short poems, moral exhortations, ideas on home decoration, and the calendar of church observances. In brief, this genre is the nineteenth-century forerunner of what is known throughout Europe and America as a woman’s magazine. 1 Around 1850 these publications in Mexico were called â€Å"calendars for young ladies. Since home and church were the private and public sites of all educated young ladies, these publications represented the written counterpart to women’s socialization, and as such, they are documents that conserve and transmit a Mexican female culture in which the social context and cultural space are particularly for women by women. It was in the 1850s that fiction began to take a prominent role. At first the writings were descriptions of places for family excursions, moralizing tales, or detailed narratives on cooking. By 1860 the installment novel grew out of the monthly recipe or recommended excursion. More elaborate love stories by women began to appear regularly by the 1880s. The genre was never considered literature by the literary establishment because of its episodic plots, overt sentimentality, and highly stylized characterization. Nevertheless, by the turn of the century every literate woman in Mexico was or had been an avid reader of the genre. But what has been completely overlooked by the male-dominated literary culture of Mexico is that these novels were highly coded in an authentic women’s language of inference and reference to the commonplaces of the kitchen and the home which were completely unknown by any man. Behind the purportedly simple episodic plots there was an infrahistory of life as it was lived, with all its multiple restrictions for women of this social class. The characterization followed the forms of life of these women rather than their unique individuality; thus the heroines were the survivors, those who were able to live out a full life in spite of the institution of marriage, which in theory, if not in practice, was a form of indentured slavery for life in which a woman served father and brothers then moved on to serve husband and sons together with her daughters and, of course, the women from the servant class. The women’s fiction of this woman’s world concentrated on one overwhelming fact of life: how to transcend the conditions of existence and express oneself in love and in creativity. 3 Cooking, sewing, embroidery, and decoration were the usual creative outlets for these women, and of course conversation, storytelling, gossip, and advice, which engulfed every waking day of the Mexican lady of the home. 4 Writing for other women was quite naturally an extension of this infrahistorical conversation and gossip. Therefore, if one has the social codes of these women, one can read these novels as a way of life in nineteenth-century Mexico. Laura Esquivel’s recognition of this world and its language comes from her Mexican heritage of fiercely independent women, who created a woman’s culture within the social prison of marriage. 5 Como agua para chocolate is a parody of nineteenth-century women’s periodical fiction in the same way that Don Quijote is a parody of the novel of chivalry. Both genres were expressions of popular culture that created a unique space for a segment of the population. I am using the term parody in the strict sense in which Ziva Ben-Porat has defined it: â€Å"[Parody is] a representation of a modeled reality, which is itself already a particular representation of an original reality. The parodic representations expose the model’s conventions and lay bare its devices through the coexistence of the two codes in the same message† (247). Obviously, for the parody to work at its highest level of dual representation, both the parody and the parodic model must be present in the reading experience. Esquivel creates the duality in several ways. First, she begins with the title of the novel, Like Water for Chocolate, a locution which translates as â€Å"water at the boiling point† and is used as a simile in Mexico to describe any event or relationship that is so tense, hot, and extraordinary that it can only be compared to scalding water on the verge of boiling, as called for in the preparation of that most Mexican of all beverages, dating from at least the thirteenth century: hot chocolate (Soustelle, 153-61). Second, the subtitle is taken directly from the model: â€Å"A Novel in Monthly Installments, with Recipes, Romances, and Home Remedies. † Together the title and subtitle therefore cover both the parody and the model. Third, the reader finds upon opening the book, in place of an epigraph, a traditional Mexican proverb: â€Å"A la mesa y a la cama / Una sola vez se llama† (To the table or to bed / You must come when you are bid). â€Å"The woodcut that decorates the page is the typical nineteenth-century cooking stove. The fourth and most explicit dualistic technique is Esquivel’s reproduction of the format of her model. Each chapter is prefaced by the title, the subtitle, the month, and the recipe for that month. The narration that follows is a combination of direct address on how to prepare the recipe of the month and interspersed stories about the loves and times of the narrator’s great-aunt Tita. The narration moves effortlessly from the first person to the third-person omniscient narrative voice of all storytellers. Each chapter ends with the information that the story will be continued and an announcement of what the next month’s–that is, the next chapter’s–recipe will be. These elements, taken from the model, are never mere embellishments. The recipes and their preparation, as well as the home remedies and their application, are an intrinsic part of the story. There is therefore an intricate symbiotic relationship between the novel and its model in the reading experience. Each is feeding on the other. In this study I am concerned with the model of the human subject, specifically the female subject, as it is developed in and through language and visual signification in a situated context of time and place. The verbal imaging of the novel makes use of the elaborate signifying system of language as a dwelling place. The visual imagery that at first expands the narrative in the film soon exacts its own place as a nonlinguistic signifying system drawing upon its own repertoire of referentiality and establishing a different model of the human subject than that elucidated by the verbal imagery alone. I intend to examine the novelistic signifying system and the model thus established and then follow with the cinematic signifying system and its model. The speaking subject or narrative voice in the novel is characterized, as Emile Benveniste has shown, as a living presence by speaking. That voice begins in the first person, speaking the conversational Mexican Spanish of a woman from Mexico’s north, near the U. S. border. Like all Mexican speech, it is clearly marked with register and sociocultural indicators, in this case of the land-owning middle class, mixing colloquial local usage with standard Spanish. The entry point is always the same: the direct address of one woman telling another how to prepare the recipe she is recommending. As one does the cooking, it is quite natural for the cook to liven the session with some storytelling, prompted by the previous preparation of’ the food. As she effortlessly moves from first-person culinary instructor to storyteller, she shifts to the third person and gradually appropriates a time and place and refigures a social world. A verbal image emerges of the model Mexican rural, middle-class woman. She must be strong and far more clever than the men who supposedly protect her. She must be pious, observing all the religious requirements of a virtuous daughter, wife, and mother. She must exercise great care to keep her sentimental relations as private as possible, and, most important of all, she must be in control of life in her house, which means essentially the kitchen and bedroom or food and sex. In Esquivel’s novel there are four women who must respond to the model: the mother Elena and the three daughters Rosaura, Gertrudis, and Josefita, known as Tita. The ways of living within the limits of the model are demonstrated first by the mother, who thinks of herself as its very incarnation. She interprets the model in terms of control and domination of her entire household. She is represented through a filter of awe and fear, for the ostensible source is Tita’s diary-cookbook, written beginning in 1910, when she was fifteen years old, and now transmitted by her grandniece. Therefore the verbal images that characterize Mama Elena must be understood as those of her youngest daughter, who has been made into a personal servant from the time the little girl was able to work. Mama Elena is depicted as strong, self-reliant, absolutely tyrannical with her daughters and servants, but especially so with Tita, who from birth has been designated as the one who will not marry because she must care for her mother until she dies. Mama Elena believes in order, her order. Although she observes the strictures of church and society, she has secretly had an adulterous love affair with an African American, and her second daughter, Gertrudis, is the offspring of that relationship. This transgression of the norms of proper behavior remains hidden from public view, although there is gossip, but only after her mother’s death does Tita discover that Gertrudis is her half-sister. The tyranny imposed on the three sisters is therefore the rigid, self-designed model of a woman’s life pitilessly enforced by Mama Elena, and each of the three responds in her own way to the model. Rosaura never questions her mother’s authority and follows her dictates submissively; after she is married she becomes an insignificant imitation of her mother. She lacks the strength, skill, and determination of Mama Elena and tries to compensate by appealing to the mother’s model as absolute. She therefore tries to live the model, invoking her mother’s authority because she has none of her own. Gertrudis does not challenge her mother but instead responds to her emotions and passions in a direct manner unbecoming a lady. This physical directness leads her to adopt an androgynous life-style: she leaves home and her mother’s authority, escapes from the brothel where she subsequently landed, and becomes a general of the revolutionary army, taking a subordinate as her lover and, later, husband. When she returns to the family hacienda, she dresses like a man, gives orders like a man, and is the dominant sexual partner. Tita, the youngest of the three daughters, speaks out against her mother’s arbitrary rule but cannot escape until she temporarily loses her mind. She is able to survive her mother’s harsh rule by transferring her love, joy, sadness, and anger into her cooking. Tita’s emotions and passions are the impetus for expression and action, not through the normal means of communication but through the food she prepares. She is therefore able to consummate her love with Pedro through the food she serves. Tal parecia que en un extranio fenomeno de alquimia su ser se habia disuelto en la salsa de rosas, en el cuerpo de las codornices, en el vino y en cada uno de los olores de la comida. De esta manera penetraba en el cuerpo de Pedro, voluptuosa, aromatica, calurosa, completamente sensual. (57) It was as if a strange alchemical process had dissolved her entire being in the rose petal sauce, in the tender flesh of the quails, in the wine, in every one of the meal’s aromas. That was the way she entered Pedro’s body, hot, voluptuous, perfumed, totally sensuous. 52) This clearly is much more than communication through food or a mere aphrodisiac; this is a form of sexual transubstantiation whereby the rose petal sauce and the quail have been turned into the body of Tita. Thus it is that the reader gets to know these women as persons but, above all, becomes involved with the embodied speaking subject from the past, Tita, represented by her grand-niece (who transmits her story) a nd her cooking. The reader receives verbal food for the imaginative refiguration of one woman’s response to the model that was imposed on her by accident of birth. The body of these women is the place of living. It is the dwelling place of the human subject. The essential questions of health, illness, pregnancy, childbirth, and sexuality are tied very directly in this novel to the physical and emotional needs of the body. The preparation and eating of food is thus a symbolic representation of living, and Tita’s cookbook bequeaths to Esperanza and to Esperanza’s daughter, her grandniece, a woman’s creation of space that is hers in a hostile world. Not only was the film adaptation of Como agua para chocolate written by the novelist herself, but in this case the screenplay represents a return to her original discipline. There are many cinematographic elements in the novel, primarily the numerous cuts and fade-outs of the story in order to feature the cooking. The camera is intrusive and can engulf its subject in a visual language that is unique to the voyeur or can replace verbal referentiality by overwhelming the viewer. For example, the opening shot of the film, filling the entire screen with an onion that is being sliced, plunges the viewer into food preparation in a way that no spoken word could parallel for its immediate effect. Similarly, the numerous close-ups of food being prepared, served, and eaten heighten the dominance of the performance of cooking and eating as both sustenance and social ritual. Contrast these images and this emphasis on the joy, sensuality, and even lust of eating the Mexican cuisine of Tita’s kitchen with the scenes of the monks eating in Jean-Jacques Annaud screen version of The Name of the Rose or the raw meat displayed in the monastery’s refractory, where the emphasis is on the denial of the flesh through mortification. Gabriel Axel film Babette’s Feast, on the other hand, contains both poles of this opposition between gratification and mortification of the body. The minister’s two daughters, who substitute religious practice for living and who eat as punishment for having a body, are suddenly exposed to the refinement of food as art, pleasure, and gratification. ) In the film Como agua para chocolate the preparation of food is expressed visually, and the consummation of eating is seen in the faces of the diners; but it must be also emphasized that there is a full spectrum of effects here, ranging from ecstasy to nausea. Perhaps the major difference between Esquivel’s novel and the film version is that there is a visual intertext in the latter that evokes the Cinderella fairy tale by using the ghostly appearance of the mother and making her death the result of an attack on the hacienda by outlaws. In the novel Mama Elena does not die until long after the attack and lingers on in partial madness, convinced that Tita is trying to poison her. By cutting short her death to one sudden violent episode and having her visage return to taunt Tita until the latter is able to renounce her heritage, the film makes Tita the Cinderella-like victim of personal abuse. In the novel the rigidity and harshness of Mama Elena is overwhelmingly sociocultural and not peculiar to Tita as victim. The visual intertext of fairy-tale language creates an effective subtext in the film, bringing out the oppression of the protagonist and her magical transcendence. Instead of a fairy godmother, Tita has the voice of her Nacha, the family cook who raised her from infancy amid the smells and sounds of the kitchen. Instead of a magical transformation of dress and carriage to go to the prince’s ball, Tita is able to make love through the food she prepares; she is also able to induce sadness and acute physical discomfort. She is therefore able to keep Pedro from having sexual relations with Rosaura by making certain that Rosaura is fat, foul of breath, and given to breaking wind in the most nauseating manner. Mama Elena’s ghost first appears one hour into the film and quietly gains the upper hand, since she threatens to curse the child Tita is presumably carrying. The final confrontation between Tita and the ghost comes ten minutes later: Tita defeats the ghost by revealing that she knows Gertrudis is illegitimate and that she hates Elena for everything she has never been to her. The film’s visual language is able to evoke images of provocation, contempt, and abuse that are not in the novel. From the fortieth to the forty-fifth minute of the film, part of Tita’s immensurably Cinderellalike duties are enacted. Tita is the only one permitted to assist Mama Elena in her bath and with her dressing. The despotic abuse of Tita by Mama Elena clearly borrows the visual images of the cruel stepmother. The magical intermediary is not a beautiful woman in a ball dress, but rather a wrinkled old woman, the cook Nacha, who had given Tita the love Mama Elena denied her. Nacha’s voice and face guide Tita. It is Nacha who tells her to use the roses Pedro gave her for the preparation of quail in rose petal sauce, and it is Nacha who prepares the bedroom for the final consummation of love between Tita and Pedro at the end of the film. Tita’s magical powers are all related to food, with the exception of the kilometer-long bedspread she knits during her lengthy nights of insomnia. Tita’s cooking controls the pattern of living of those in her household because the food she prepares becomes an extension of herself. The culmination of this process of food as art and communication is food as communion. The transubstantiation of Tita’s quail in rose petal sauce into Tita’s body recalls the Roman Catholic doctrine of the communion wafer’s becoming the body and blood of Christ, but on a deeper level it is the psychological reality of all women who have nursed an infant. When the baby Roberto loses his wet nurse, Tita is able to take the infant and nurse him in spite of the fact that she has not given birth. Her breasts are filled with milk not because she wishes she were the mother of the child, but because the child needs to eat and she is the provider of food. The viewer of the film Como agua para chocolate must develop her expressive capacity as she broadens her affective experience. Mexican women–and to some extent Latin American women–seeing the film relive their family history, and this is so not only because of the strong and open cultural links between Latin American women in this century, on which both the novel and film draw, but also and perhaps primarily because of the skillful use of the parodic model. The intertext of women’s magazines and the loves, trials, and tribulations featured in the stories they published is used by Esquivel as a discursive code that transcends whatever regional differences may exist. The social registers, the forms of address, the language of the female domain are somewhat lost in translation, because as in cooking, the substitution of ingredients changes the taste. The representation of women in Esquivel’s novel and in the film touches on that deepest reservoir of meaning which is the human body as described, seen, and, on the deeper level, understood as the origin of identity. Women from other cultures and other languages can develop an empathetic relationship with Tita, her cooking, her love, and her life. Men of any culture, but especially Mexican men and Latin American men, have the greatest deficiency in experiencing this film and therefore have the most to learn. They must gain access to some fragment of the expressive code of visual and verbal images that are the infrahistoric codes of their mothers, wives, and daughters. If they cannot gain access to the expressive system, they will not have access to the affective experience of these lives. The imagery of nourishing the body in both the novel and the film provides us with the means for articulating the experiences of cooking, eating, making love, and giving birth in previously unsuspected ways, and thus allows the male intruder a peek into reality. Women’s recuperation of artistic creativity within the confinement of the house, and especially the kitchen and the bedroom, is presented by Esquivel not in an ideological argument but rather by means of an intertextual palimpsest which is the hallmark of postmodern art. 6 I want to conclude with three observations on feminist art in this context. 1) This is not a protest movement; it is a celebration of the space of one’s own which may have been hidden from view in the past but is now open to all. ) At the center of postmodernism there is the vesting of creative weight on the reader, and this makes intertextuality a means of providing an interpretive context; in the case of Esquivel that context is our grandmother’s kitchen and bedroom. 3) The maturity of feminist criticism has moved beyond the need to go headhunting among the misogynist hordes of patriarchy; the challenge today is to celebrate women’s creativity in the full domain of the human adventure, from the so-called decorative arts to the fine arts and science. 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Framework of Education and Media Criticism - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Framework of Education and Media Criticism. Answer: Introduction: Censorship is the concealment of discourse, open correspondence, or other data, on the premise that such material is viewed as shocking, destructive, delicate, and politically wrong or "badly designed" as dictated by government experts or by group accord. It can be seen that in the current situation, censorship is connected with Internet radio, Television, books, newspaper and still it is controversy for the professionals (Fedorov and Levitskaya 2015). This essay will be focusing the comparison between the censorship of television between UK and USA i.e. United Kingdom and United States of America. The first idea of the topic is to elucidate the regulations on censorship with the example of a recent issue on television that has spread controversy over policies of censorship. The second idea is to understand the different perceptions of censorship regulations in both the countries. Lastly, the third idea is to understand the extent of set of laws that is compulsory in the country. Different countries view the television content as objectionable in nature wherein it is based on moral, political and religious criterion. The entire procedure of preventing the unsuitable content from reaching the different audiences is known as the censorship. However, jamming the different material that is not accepted in nature is known as violation of the freedom of appearance and expression of the different individuals. Both United States and United Kingdom deals with different kind of complaints from viewers of television on a day-by-day basis. However, the spectators of United Kingdom complain there is lack of censorship and in United States, viewers feel that there is huge rate of censorship. There were different organizations such as Media Watch-United Kingdom had been established as this helped in applying pressure on regulating the functioning of bodies like BBC and NBC. Realclearpolitics.com, (2018) has published an article wherein it helped in understanding that conservatives wanted to ban the magazine named Playboy as there were different violent lyrics along with offensive depictions of Jesus and this led to different kind of fights such as bans. The article has helped in analyzing that the topics has to be analyzed in a proper manner that should not hurt the sentiments of Americans. On the other side, the United States has different companies such as NCAC that helps in arguing the set of regulations set on American television are severe in nature. It states that United States do not permit liberty to implement the different kind of rights that was guaranteed in the first alteration. Furthermore, it was seen in the respective article, there were different banning of books in high schools that contained different matters of sexuality. There were more than 49 books as these created issues in the study and mental health of the children in USA (Barnett, 2018). that banned different kind of books in USA wherein It has been seen that censorship is central issue in television and it is impossible for the different countries to understand the different methods to deal with the inappropriate materials and how to deal with satisfying majority of the viewers (Graber and Dunaway 2017). In the United States of America, the different obscene, profane and indecent in nature broadcasts are taken in a serious manner. It was also seen that based on the severity of the context, it can be punishable under the law. In this section, the main idea is to understand the different severities relating to not following the censorship guidelines in different countries. As per the NBC, the different enforcement related actions by the way of revoking channels, monetary fines and warnings could be issued when there is complaint and there is confirmation of violation as well. The NCAC helps in believing that functional and healthy democracy has been defined, as the freedom of the communication along with the inability in order to communicate is fatal to the intellectual growth (Eckert 2017). In the United Kingdom, Press Complaints Commission (PCC) is in charge of different regulation of the commercial channels that includes TV and ITV. The establishment of PCC as overseer of the communications industries by the act office of communication in the year 2002 that has been done with combining the different responsibilities of the commission of broadcasting standards. As per the broadcasting code of PCC, there were different multiple sections that has been established with proper set of standards for the broadcasting of television. The article has helped in understanding the different of the materials that is inappropriate in nature wherein there are different kind of websites were banned as there were different issues in the showcasing of different programs that blocked different kind of services (STUDENTS FOR LIBERTY, 2018). From the article, it can be analyzed that such sites need to be banned as to prevent the harm to children under the 18 years of age along with averting the usage of harmful or offensive materials from being broadcasted in the television. In general, terms, United Kingdom fines different kind of programs along with actions for the programs that is blatantly lying in television (Bertrand and Hughes 2017). However, on the other hand it does not penalize the different stations for showing politically, religiously content. The owner of NBS was fined with $550,000 wherein declared the entire act as indecent in nature. After the respective incident, PCC began to incorporate huge number of fines for obscene contents and from that particular time, there were different television shows that has been fined for indecency. This kind of string of massive fines tried to ban different kind of sexually explicit television shows (Ispreview.co.uk, 2018). Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that both UK and USA will benefit in the future from finding balanced medium with setting of different strict laws on censorship that will allow for freedom of speech and expression. The censorship helped in alleviating the society in an effective manner that helped in reducing the obscene contents from different internet sites and television. It helped in creating positive impact on the individuals in the entire society. The biggest concern that is overriding the problems of censorship is profane, obscene and indecent that affects children along with religious beliefs of individuals in the world. Both USA and UK are two instances of dissimilar regulatory systems that help in describing the different necessities of censorship program. It was seen that balance of inappropriateness and appropriateness has to be taken into accounts with impact of television on the viewers. References Barnett, D., 2018.Book bannings on the rise in US schools, says anti-censorship group. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/dec/23/book-bannings-rise-us-censorship [Accessed 13 Mar. 2018]. Bertrand, I. and Hughes, P., 2017.Media research methods: Audiences, institutions, texts. Macmillan International Higher Education. Eckert, S., 2017. Fighting for recognition: Online abuse of women bloggers in Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.New Media Society, p.1461444816688457. Fedorov, A. and Levitskaya, A., 2015. The framework of media education and media criticism in the contemporary world: the opinion of international experts. Graber, D.A. and Dunaway, J., 2017.Mass media and American politics. Cq Press. Ispreview.co.uk., 2018.2017 Queen's Speech Hints at Strict New UK Internet Censorship Policy - ISPreview UK. [online] Available at: https://www.ispreview.co.uk/index.php/2017/06/2017-queens-speech-confirms-strict-new-uk-internet-censorship-policy.html [Accessed 13 Mar. 2018]. Realclearpolitics.com., 2018.Censorship in America | RealClearPolitics. [online] Available at: https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/10/14/censorship_in_america_128406.html [Accessed 13 Mar. 2018]. STUDENTS FOR LIBERTY, 2018.The UKs dangerous attempt at internet censorship. - STUDENTS FOR LIBERTY. [online] Available at: https://www.studentsforliberty.org/2017/07/25/uks-dangerous-attempt-internet-censorship/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2018].

The Differences Between a Copywriter, Content Writer, and Content Strategist

The roles of a copywriter and a content writer are often misunderstood. While there is some overlap, there are some fairly big differences between each discipline. And where does a content strategist fit into the equation? It’s important to know how these roles differ because each discipline has its own unique set of challenges and objectives. Here, we’ll look at the main differences between all three. What is a Copywriter? A copywriter is in the business of persuasion. Copywriting is about using words and language to convince readers to take an action, whether it’s buying a product, downloading a report, or engaging with a company. You could call it sales writing, because it’s mainly used in advertisements, sales copy, emails, print ads, digital ads, brochures, and landing pages. Unlike other forms of content writing, copywriting is usually more conversational and interactive. And because its goal is to persuade, it’s also more forceful. Copywriters can specialize in product copy, SEO copy, or direct response advertising, and some will focus on writing copy for specific industries. Hire a professional copywriter to create ad copy, website copy, sales copy and more. What Makes a Good Copywriter? A really good copywriter will understand what a particular target market needs to hear and combine wit and persuasive language to compel readers to take a specific action. The best copywriters will: Understand the needs of the target audience and use language to inspire confidence in the brand. Use the appropriate brand â€Å"voice† to connect with readers. Research a business and understand its marketing goals. Write copy that is plain-speaking, free of jargon, and never boring. Explain complicated ideas clearly. Know how to use storytelling to stir emotions in the reader. Understand SEO. Know how to craft short-form copy that is highly persuasive. Stick to the brief and deadlines outlined by the client. Work with the client until they’re happy with the copy. What is a Content Writer? Unlike a copywriter, a content writer is more concerned with content that informs, educates, entertains, or instructs readers. They’re experienced in online marketing strategies and can create content for many channels, including websites, blogs, social media, and email. The content is usually designed to strengthen the relationship between the reader and the brand. What Makes a Good Content Writer? The best content writers will: Use appropriate keywords to maximize search engine visibility. Be experienced in producing long-form, engaging content. Know how to structure content to make it easy to read and scan. Have a strong grasp of English language and grammar rules. Carefully proofread and edit content for clarity. Know how to use language to keep the reader interested. Use research to increase the credibility of the content. Have experience writing for a range of industries. Be able to come up with fresh content ideas. Stick to the brief and deadlines outlined by the client. Work with the client until they’re happy with the copy. If you’re interested in learning more about this topic, check out this post on the10 skills every content writer should master. What is a Content Strategist? A content strategist controls the direction of a brand’s overall content strategy. They will have a vision for what the content needs to look like and where to publish it. They’ll also ensure that the content quality is consistent and achieves specific marketing goals. To do this, they’ll use analytics tools to prioritize content formats and distribution channels. What Makes a Good Content Strategist? Among other tasks, the content strategist should be able to: Define the brand’s target audience. Develop a flexible content strategy that supports business goals. Set guidelines for the tone and style of all branded content. Manage a content team and encourage collaboration. Use the marketing budget to maximize the return on investment. Know how to meet short-term and long-term marketing goals. Keep projects on schedule without compromising quality. Step in when required to create content. Ensure content consistency across all channels. Know how to use analytics tools to determine the best distribution channels. In Summary The goal of a copywriter is to persuade people to take action. The content writer’s purpose is to engage the reader. And the job of the content strategist is to develop a content strategy, manage the process, and maximize the results over time. Put simply, content writers builds trust, copywriters drive sales, and content strategists steer the content marketing ship. Before you begin your next content project, keep these definitions in mind. Knowing where you fit into the equation will help you work more efficiently with others and ensure your content achieves its objectives, whatever they are. Looking to hire a content writer or copywriter? Constant Content works with thousands of talented freelance content and copy writers.

Antoinette Johnson essays

Antoinette Johnson essays All month long in honor of Black History Month, we've been bringing you profiles in courage. Tonight, a woman who helps make the "American Dream" come true for people across South Florida. (WSVN) It's one thing for someone to tell you that you're going to get a house. But to actually see your house ..I think that was the thing that really got huh...." Tears trickle from the eyes of thirty-three year old Antoinette Johnson as she tells a story that flows from her heart. A story about her trials ... and her triumphs. Antoinette Johnson says, "They are tears of joy and happiness .. remembering where I've come from and where I am now." For Antoinette Johnson, there once was a time when the thought of owning her own home seemed impossible. But now, this single mother of two knows *anything* is possible. She says, "I've been through a lot .. trying to raise two daughters is very hard. It was very hard." It was difficult for Antoinette to raise her daughters, fourteen year-old Jasmine and eleven year-old Jalissa. Antoinette says, "I'm not saying it's not hard now. But it's a little bit easier. It's a little bit easier." Easier, because Antoinette and her children have found safety in their home here in Fort Lauderdale....Away from the danger they once found at this apartment complex in Lauderhill. She says, "People chasing my kids down the street coming home from school. The kids were terrified to even walk home from the bus stop which was right down the street." For Antoinette and her daughters there really is no place like home. A house made possible by Habitat For Humanity of Broward County two years ago. now, Antoinette sits on the Habitat For Humanity board of directors and two committees committed to selecting and helping others each achieve the same dream. Antoinette says, "If I don't do anything but help another family to get a home I'm happy." She adds, "I enjoy seeing them when the ...

Japan and the Pacific Rim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Japan and the Pacific Rim - Essay Example According to economist, economy serves as the backbone of every country. This means that the economy disparity between the two countries will have little incentive to the South Korea government after the reunification. The economy of North Korea is terrible and in collapse. Therefore, everything that has to do with economic recovery for North Korea should be initiated, which include new infrastructure sufficient electrical power and such to reverse the negative economic growth that has prevailed for years. Workers in North Korea lack competence thus it is advisable to destroy the production capabilities for they are considerably not normalized in reference to international norm. Improvement of North Korea Economy through the stated issues and support from donors would convince South Korea to initiate talks towards reunification. It is important to end the fight that exists between North and South Korea since guns and swords cannot unite. They should be lead to the garden of love not the garden of power and falsehood, and through talks, it should be made known to them that they are siblings centered on common parents since fighting cannot reconcile these divisions. This means ending historical political differences. The two countries should be made to understand that the main aim of the unification is to generate external freedom, peace, happiness, and ideal on the foundation of unification. These ideas have not been given to the governments and with such ideas, recovered economy, and historical political peace, the unification will be

Buddha teachings..... anything you want that is relavent Essay

Buddha teachings..... anything you want that is relavent - Essay Example These are ‘suffering of suffering’, suffering of change and persuasive. Firstly, ‘suffering of suffering’ is ordinary suffering that result from pain and associated by lower realms of existence such as in the human world. Secondly, suffering of change on the other hand encompasses sadness that results from loss of a happy condition, or that that arises when unhappy condition develops. Lastly, persuasive suffering refers to the internal frustrations. This suffering causes unrest and therefore an individual cannot enjoy any pleasant situations. Every living thing in the universe has desires that it would wish to be quenched. These desires for and attachments to worldly things if not accomplished lead to suffering. Therefore, the entire existence is surrounded by suffering that leads to pain. This is not just the pain of life but rather the uncertainty that exists at the center of the common universe, which arises from a person's intention to keep his life and achieving the true enlightenment. Gods are inclined to be proud and are considered to have a higher status in existence because they have very long life times which seem eternal i.e. they generally occupy the highest realms of existence. ... t origination" All things in the universe arise, abide and cease to exist through numerous causes that exist with the infinite web or interconnection in the universe. As consequence, the chain of interdependence stipulates that everything in the universe is interconnected and interacts with or affects other things in the universe. This chain can also take a perspective that objects have a context for which they are inseparable, or everything that exists is because of other causes or conditions in the universe. In this chain, nothing is absolute because all effects produced in the universe were caused by other effects, and they themselves cause other effects. This is mainly the principle behind the law of cause and effect. For example, for a table to exist seed of a tree must have grown somewhere, sunlight, water and carbon dioxide must have been used in growth of the tree. People had to exist who are a result of people having sex, saw mill and machines had to be designed to convert t he logs to timber etc. This is chain is infinite because each event that contributes to the final product is part of another infinite chain. In addition, the making of the table was as result of another cause and effect The chain of interdependent origination has twelve links or nidanas that explain how a chain of causes leads to other causes. These links are circular in nature as described in the Buddhist wheel of life. The Buddhist wheel of life provides an illustration of the Buddhist teaching. These links are: ignorance which is form of spiritual blindness or the lack of understanding in the teaching of Buddha; volitional formation or karma formation dictates the formation of action, thought process and speech which are essential in determining an individual’s fate; consciousness

Logistics and Supply Chain Management at Wal-Mart Coursework

Logistics and Supply Chain Management at Wal-Mart - Coursework Example Wal-Mart is known for its price leadership strategy and strives to provide customers with quality products and services at the cheapest possible price which is in tune with its famous strategy of ‘Every Day Low Price’ (Popularly referred as EDLP). The strategy of low price is in turn aligned with Sam Walton’s strategy of helping people save money. Wal-Mart presently provides goods at the cheapest possible price and has positioned itself as a price leader in the mind of the customers.Against the backdrop of this bold positioning strategy lies an efficient and technology-driven logistics management which has provided the firm with advantages like cost reduction to an extent that it is able to provide the best quality products at the cheapest price in the market. Logistics form the USP of Wal-Mart. Its supply chain initiatives involving the latest technology like RFID, cross-docking aided by an efficient integration of all its business processes using Enterprise Reso urce Planning have created benchmarks for the company. The efficiency of logistics management of the firm could be analyzed from the fact that its logistics management model has become the benchmark in the global retail and logistics industry. The distribution centers of Wal-Mart which are the backbone of its supply chain management strategy are considered to be the most advanced technologically. Presently Wal-Mart has more than 40 regional centers for distribution with each center spreading over one million square feet on an average.

Online Game Addiction Essay Example for Free

Online Game Addiction Essay Online game addiction is no longer just a worry of an American-chubby-child’s mother, but the worry of many parents in Cambodia and other less affluent countries. Recently, more teenage Cambodians were addicted to online games, in order to satisfy their fantasy of being heroes or warriors. Cambodian teens would rather eat less or even skip meals just to save money for the online games. Other than spending money, they also wasted their time. According to Chheng Roth Donior, a Cambodian teen, he normally spends three to five hours a day in internet cafes, even under the threat of his mother. It might have sounded strange to you, since Cambodia is not a wealthy country and most of the urban teens do not have internet at home, and why would they be addicted to online games? One of the reasons is more and more internet cafes have opened up, and Web access is growing rapidly these years. Another reason would be the teenagers in fact do not know they’re addicted to the online games or its harmful effects. The consequence of online game addiction could be serious, for example, last year in South Korea, a man died after playing online games for five days straight. For sure, the teenagers would waste all their money and time on those internet cafes. They would have less incentive to work or study since the satisfaction gained from the games is far more than those they could gain in their daily lives. It would also harm the gamers’ health (e. g. with poorer eyesight and less exercise) and would lower their face to face communication skills. Later, they may not be able to distinguish between the reality and the created world. Teenagers are the future of the country, measures must be taken as soon as possible to curb the addiction. First, promotion from the government is very crucial. The teenagers may not understand the harmful effects of online game addictions, government should advertise the harmful effect and possible consequences through mass media, i. e. TV advertisements, news paper, radio etc. Posters should also posted in school, streets and especially the internet cafes, just like a warning note must also included on the package of cigarettes. For why the teenagers would addict to online games, is that they could gain a sense of satisfaction by beating down their created enemies. Therefore, the teachers and parents of the teenagers should help them build their confidence, like giving them chances to develop their talents. For example, school can provide more Extra-curriculum activities for them afterschool. They should also help the teenagers to identify their dreams and targets, assuring them that nothing is impossible and encourage them to fight for their dreams through talks and lessons. Then they would not stick to the computer screens, instead, they would work very hard on their dreams. On their ways towards their goals, parents and teachers should give supports and advice to them. Third, government should set up clinics to help the gamers overcome their internet addictions, just like what China and South Korea did. The clinics should provide counseling and information about online game addiction, this could help those people who had already addicted to online games. Lastly, education is always the last resort of most problems. Schools and parents have the responsibility in teaching the teens about the harmful effects of online game addiction. They should educate the students or their children starting from their childhood. Schools can hold more talks on the issue in order to make sure that they receive related information. If we do not cope with the problem as soon as possible, the situation would become more complicated and serious. The solutions I suggested above would definitely help dealing with the problem, and I hope the situation would be improved soon.

Electronic Forms of Expression :: Internet Technology Communication Essays

Electronic Forms of Expression The confusion of new forms of media can be overwhelming. For those of us who grew up with the Internet, it may not be all that difficult to grasp its concepts and to tackle its nuances; but for those who grew up with print, the transition between the two could be exhausting. The concepts in new forms of electronic expression are in their developmental stages—still trying to find a dynamic equilibrium between mimicking print and inventing new ways of performance. Electronic media are trying to take advantage of their unique characteristics, while not proving to be too tedious for the audience to understand. Janet Murray explores the virtual swamp of electronic media conventions in her chapter entitled â€Å"From Additive to Expressive Form,† in Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace. Electronic forms of expression are still in a sort of primordial ooze phase, still clinging on to the life forms that previously inhabited the area, but trying desperately to create an evolutionary creature that is nothing like what a tourist in the area may have seen. In this case, the entire world has access to this digital environment. Murray’s claim is that â€Å"digital environments are encyclopedic† (83), or rather that we have the world at our fingertips: Since every form of representation is migrating to electronic form and all the world’s computers are potentially accessible to one another, we can now conceive of a single comprehensive global library of paintings, films, books, newspapers, television programs, and databases, a library that would be accessible from any point on the globe. It is as if the modern version of the great library of Alexandria, which contained all the knowledge about the ancient world, is about to rematerialize in the infinite expanses of cyberspace. (84). The Internet has encyclopedic capabilities that surpass any previous knowledge collecting endeavors. The pages that we move through seem almost infinite, offering different perspectives and intersecting accounts. These qualities lend a feeling of omniscience to the surfer. â€Å"The limitless expanse of gigabytes presents itself to the storyteller as a vast tabula rasa crying out to be filled with all the matter of life† (84). Filling this â€Å"limitless expanse† is not without complication. â€Å"The reality is much more chaotic and fragmented: networked information is often incomplete or misleading, search routines are often unbearably cumbersome and frustrating, and the information we desire often seems to be tantalizingly out of reach† (84).

Elementary education 1833-1870 Essay

What was the role of the government in developing Elementary Education 1833-1870? 1. Why did the government play little role in education before the nineteenth century? Government played little role in education prior to the nineteenth century because of many reasons, one of them being Laissez faire. Laissez faire was the philosophy of the government that it was not their role to get involved in the lives of the people. Edward Baines wrote about the state of education in 1846 and said â€Å"it is not the duty of the government to feed the people†¦these are things that the people can and ought to do themselves† some thought this was the way God wanted things to be. Other felt that the fittest and richest could survive; the idea did nothing for the poor. One of the only things government was willing to get involved in was defending the country. Money was another motive why the government played little role. The government didn’t want to spend money on educating the poor, they would much rather spend their money on the royal stables and the military. On Samuel Whitbread’s Bill this topic was discussed â€Å"It would burden the country with a most enormous expense†. Not only did they not want to put money towards education but also it was going to be a very expensive project, which they thought could be done without. Samuel Whitbread argued that more education was needed and that raises money was the way forward when he stood up to the government, but the House of Lords rejected his Bill. The Class system was another thing that was preventing the government from contributing money towards education. Everyone knew his or her place in society so for the poor to read write and be educated would make them more intelligent and mess up the ‘The Great Chain of Being’; this was another name for the social structure at the time. The chain of being was written about once by a Bishop in 1720 and he said â€Å"God so orders it that we always have some Poor among us† from this the ‘The great chain of being’ had come about. The Government simply didn’t see the need for change. There were already Sunday Schools and Dame Schools available for the poor, which were supplied by the church and individuals ‘As far as education was concerned, the government was content’ reading this its seems as if the government couldn’t be bothered to improve if there was nothing wrong with how things were currently going. This reminds me of the old saying ‘why fix it, if its not broken’. Revolutionary ideas were also something that was considered to be a threat if the poor were to be educated. If they were taught to read then they would be able to understand and read Anti-Christian books and stories about revolutions in other countries such as France. This was also discussed in the Debate on Samuel Whitbread’s Bill, â€Å"It would enable them to read vicious books, and publications against Christianity† religion was very strong at this time and to disrupt it could have lead to social unrest. Revolting against how they feel they stand in society would â€Å"make them insolent to their superiors† this was also talked about on Samuel Whitbread’s Bill. Parents of poor children didn’t want their children to go to school and learn, because they wanted them to work and earn money. This was the traditional way of life for the poor people and most of them were keen to stick with it. They worked on farms and in mines. However if the parents were to look at the advantages of educating their children they would see that with an education they could get better jobs and earn more money. Even though it would have taken time it still would have been the more intelligent choice, but as they were not educated themselves they never thought of it that way. 2. Why did the government become involved in developing elementary education for all during the nineteenth century? Government eventually had to become involved in developing elementary education. The increasing population meant that schools could not cope with the large amounts of pupils, so more schools were built to accommodate the demands of numbers. The large numbers of pupils also meant that more teachers were needed and to employ more teachers money was needed, so without the help and money from the government education would have gone nowhere. Not only would they have needed more teachers but also they would need bigger schools to have room for the large increase of pupils. The poor people could no longer look after themselves, so the government had to step in. They may have been struggling because the higher classes were sending their children to school so they would have had a tremendous advantage over the poor and uneducated children when they both contest for work, as they got older. A link the raising population had with the changes outside education is firstly the 1832 Great Reform Act. For the first time the large new industrial towns were able to elect MPs, most of these MPs were keen on cleaning up the towns. In the end the combined effects of the Reform Act and the cholera epidemic of 1832 made the living conditions in all towns a major political issue. An education was needed for people to be able to operate the machines. Due to these demands the scope of education was widened to include the children of more ordinary men and women. ‘Better-educated clerks and crafts people were needed’ to produce better goods to increase the countries economy with trade. Better-educated workers were wanted; the future of workers education took a big step forward with the Factory Act of 1833. This Act laid down that every factory child should receive two hours’ schooling a day. Other countries were educating their youth and were therefore were ahead of Britain in that department, so to avoid embarrassment and keep up to date the government decided it was time to teach the younger generation. This was a very important time for the country because they realised that the children are the future and educating them would be so much better for the government. This would be because to have more educated workers in the future would mean people doing and understanding their jobs better. If countries got ahead of Britain then they would have more knowledge, to stop this the government introduced an education Bill, this was read from it â€Å"If we leave our workfolk unskilled, they will become over-matched in the competition of the world† by W. E Forster. More money was coming in from the country’s trade and empire. This meant that more money could and was put forward towards education for the poor. Most of the money from the trade came from the industrial revolution. This was mainly thanks to the trade that merchants did with Australia and other countries. Another thing that played a key part in the great income was the Railway industry. This was very quickly becoming a national system and brought in great loads of money. A link with more money coming in from education was that more money could be spent on defence. This was very helpful because if Britain were to go to war we would have hopefully have been well off. Poor people were given the chance to vote, but they needed some knowledge of who to vote for and why. If they knew what things they wanted from the government, then they could have a rough idea of who shares the same thoughts and ambition as them for the running of the country. They needed to know who to vote for because if that person won he would run the country, so they are voting for a very important matter. In the reform Act of 1867 most working class men were giving the chance to vote. This was very important link outside education because with educated voters the country has a better chance of a good and well presented Prime Minister.   

Causes and Effects of Peer Pressure

A negative effect of peer pressure is anything that someone forces another to do that makes them feel uncomfortable. It causes young individuals to do things they know is wrong which can be very dangerous. A teenage boy can convince a teenage girl to have sex with him because â€Å"everyone is doing it†. The teenage girl might believe him, but she really did not want to.The result could be a teenage pregnancy or a sexually transmitted disease. This is a life changing result from peer pressure. Negative peer pressure can cause teenagers to drink, do drugs, lie, cheat, and steal which can cause horrible things to occur to innocent people. Drinking is a negative effect of peer pressure. Young people may be influenced to drink Just to fit in or be in the spotlight. This type of drinking can occur at a party from winning a sporting event or a birthday party which could be prevented with parental supervision.The effects of drinking can be memory loss, fatigue, black-outs, liver dama ge, and nausea. Drinking can cause illegal acts such as: driving while under the influence, possible rape while passed out, underage drinking, and possible death. Drinking at such a young age can cause the teenager to become an alcoholic which would be a lifetime disease. Driving while under the influence can cause death to others because of uncoordinated driving which is the effect of alcohol to the body. This could lead to involuntary manslaughter which causes imprisonment.This is another life changing event caused by peer pressure (Slake 2001). Drugs are a negative effect of peer pressure. Influencing teenagers to try drugs to go along with the crowd affects your body similar to drinking and causes teenagers to kill brain cells. If teenagers are hanging out with their friends, everyone is smoking marijuana except you; most teenagers do not want to be ridiculed because of lack of participation. This creates depression, withdrawn, poor grades, and negative effects to your body phys ically.These types of effects can be long term causing problems later in adulthood such as: conceiving children, negative affects to appearance, and financial problems (Scott 1997). Negative effects of peer pressure can cause teenagers to lie, cheat, and steal. Teenagers will lie to their parents in order to hang out with certain groups. They lie because they know that it is wrong. They have friends that convince them to lie so they do not have to listen to a lecture or have the parents prevent them from doing something.These same teenagers will cheat on school work and relationships in order to please the people that are influencing them to do these things (Kate 2013). Peer pressure causes teenagers to steal. Most teenagers will do almost anything to fit in and be important which creates them to fall under the influence of peer pressure. They might be dared to steal something from the store or from their family just to be accepted. These things cause problems for the stores or peop le they steal room, as well as, give the teenager a poor sense of being because they know what they are doing is wrong (Ginsburg 2001).There are many negative effects of peer pressure. Popular, athletic, pretty, and well liked teenagers use their influence to cause other teenagers to forcibly do things they do not really want to do, but are desperate to fit in. These influences are peer pressure and causes problems with all those involved. Teenagers can be influenced to drink alcohol, smoke marijuana, lie to parents, cheat on homework, and steal from stores through peer pressure. All these things cause teenagers to do things they now are wrong which affects their sense of worth and others that are around them.

An Overview and History of the Compass

An Overview and History of the Compass The compass is an instrument used for navigation; it generally has a magnetic needle that points toward the earths magnetic North Pole. The magnetic compass has been in existence for nearly a thousand years and is the most common type of compass. The gyroscopic compass is far less common than a magnetic compass. The Magnetic Compass In order to adjust a magnetic compass to due or true north and toward the geographic North Pole, one must know the amount of magnetic declination or variation that exists in a specific region. There are online maps and calculators available that provide the difference in declination between true north and magnetic north for every point on the globe. By adjusting ones magnetic compass based on the local magnetic declination, it is possible to ensure that ones directions are accurate. The Gyroscopic Compass The History of the Compass Compasses were originally developed when lodestones, a mineral that has naturally magnetized iron ore, were suspended above a board with the ability to pivot and turn. It was discovered that the stones would always point in the same direction, and align themselves with the north/south axis of the earth. The Compass Rose The 32 points were originally drawn to indicate winds and were used by sailors in navigation. The 32 points represented the eight major winds, the eight half-winds, and the 16 quarter-winds. All 32 points, their degrees, and their names can be found online. On early compass roses, the eight major winds can be seen with a letter initial above the line marking its name, as we do with N (north), E (east), S (south), and W (west) today. Later compass roses, around the time of Portuguese exploration and Christopher Columbus, show a fleur-de-lys replacing the initial letter T (for tramontana, the name of the north wind) that marked north, and a cross replacing the initial letter L (for levante) that marked east, showing the direction of the Holy Land. We still commonly see the fleur-de-lys and cross symbols on compass roses today, if not just the simple letter initials for the cardinal directions. Every cartographer designs a compass rose a little differently, using different colors, graphics, and even symbols. Multiple colors are often used simply as a means of easily distinguishing the many points and lines on a compass rose. 360 Degrees Uses of the Compass Most people use a compass casually, for instance with hiking or camping. In those situations, basic compasses like the thumb compass or other orienteering compasses that are clear and can be read over a map are suitable. Many casual uses where travel is over a short distance require basic markings for cardinal directions and a basic level of understanding compasses. For more advanced navigation, where large distances are covered and a slight variation of degrees would offset your course, a deeper understanding of compass reading is required. Understanding declination, the angle between true north and magnetic north, the 360 degree markings on the compass face, and your course-of-direction arrow combined with individual compass instructions requires more advanced study. For simple, easy-to-understand, beginners instructions on how to read a compass, visit compassdude.com.

Now...This by Neil Postman Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Now...This by Neil Postman - Article Example The understanding is also tolerated. There is no destruction so cruel, no tremor so ravaging, no political error so high-priced--for that matter, no ball score so provoking or weather description so threatening--that it cannot be erased from minds by a newscaster saying, "Now . . . This."Â  (Postman) What the newscasters purport is the previous matters have been thought about for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary for alteration of the scene and perception of the viewers. This can be done by changing what preoccupies the mind with a new idea or news fragment. This is done in the mentality of commercialization in terms of promotion and marketing to meet the current demands by the community. This process of thought does not take more than an hour in psychological mind. Television and radio are mediums that are used by a discrete event in every halt an hour to disseminate separate contents. The contents may have separate contexts and emotional characteristic structure from the follows and precedes it. Because the media promotion takes place in minutes and seconds, maybe because the audience can be manipulated through the communication platform of imagery and words, the structuring of programs is done in a way that each segment of 8 minutes’ ability to stand as a separate complete event. (Stewart) News in the television is merely entertainment. It is engulfed with a cast of actors who are admirable and credible. Analytically, the Television news anchors are mostly women of the age gap from 20 to 45 and are exceptionally beautiful. It also includes men who are handsome, who are not bald, fat, have neither long noses nor closed eyes. In the definition of truth, the ultimate propositional test of the teller determines the television’s credibility. This means that if the society trusts in the teller then what he or she says is classified as the truth. In other words, the truth

International Assignments Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Assignments - Research Paper Example The specific issues covered in the study include expatriates, pre-departure training components, expatriates performance appraisal, selection and recruitment strategies for expatriates, staffing alternatives, importance of offering high-quality mentoring for expatriates and how to measure return on investment for international assignments. Pre-departure training is very crucial for workers who have been assigned an international mission to represent their companies (Harzing & Pinnington, 2010). The training equips the assignees with company’s objectives and personal coping mechanisms in the host country in order to avoid pre-mature return of the expatriates. It enables the expatriates to relate between host country and home country and establish the mechanisms for overcoming challenges that may arise as a result of differences between the two countries (Stahl et al., 2012). The company’s workers will have to be sensitized about the cultural differences between the home country and host country (Stahl et al., 2012). Various nations have different cultures that may affect the expatriates relate with business partners and citizens in the host country. Inadequate understanding of the  background  of the people in the host country can make the lives of the expatriates extremely difficult and can result to conflict due to what may be seen as interference or disrespect of culture of the people in the host country by the expatriates (Stahl et al., 2012). Therefore, pre-departure training aims at orienting the expatriates with information regarding the cultural values of the host country in order to alleviate culture shock as the expatriates take up their new jobs. The amount of training offered will depend on the prior exposure of the expatriates to particular of the country they  expect to operate  (Harzing & Pinnington, 2010). This entails  briefing the expatriates

Family Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Family Business - Research Paper Example This can foster a feeling of resentment among family members who are not qualified enough to do the necessary work, but share the name of the company’s founder. In such cases, the heads of family-run organizations have to deal with the uneasiness of other family members at the thought of hiring outsiders to be privy to the long-held family secrets. According to a survey conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers to determine how family-run businesses achieve success, a number of the heads of such corporations choose not to involve extended family members in the making o important decisions even if the said members are considered as part-owners. In this survey, 15% of the surveyed family business leaders said that relatives such as in-laws do not have to be involved in decision-making (Miller and Le Breton-Miller 38). In a different survey conducted by the Egon Zehnder International organization among 720 family business executives and owners from Asia-Pacific, the Americas and Europe , over 60% of business managers felt that the lack of professional procedures and administrative structures is the biggest shortcoming of family-run businesses (Brun de Pontet and Aronoff 45). In addition, 55% of executives surveyed indicated that divergences among family members, due to a lack of accountability are another big problem. 60% of the respondents in this survey confirmed that family quarrels often get in the way of making good business decisions such as hiring external experts to deal with recurring problems (Brun de Pontet and Aronoff 46). From these two surveys, it appears that family conflict can result in the wrong decision being made due to the absence of an objective perspective. According to the KPMG and Family Business Australia’s biennial survey, which was conducted with 658 family-run businesses based in Australia, 57% of participants indicated that as family business leaders, they were concerned about the intentions of their potential successors, wheth er their children, or other relatives. In addition, 63% of the polled family business leaders indicated that they were not impressed by the abilities of their potential successors (KPMG and Family Business Australia Survey of Family Businesses 3). This corresponds with the findings of the Egon Zehnder International organization survey which also established that 60 % of the family business leaders had doubts about the proficiency of family members. According to these leaders, this was a common cause of conflicts among the family members (Brun de Pontet and Aronoff 46). It would seem that the biggest problem that family business leaders have to grapple with is the refusal of family members to accept the fact that they may not have the necessary skills to function in specialized operations. This can be a particularly difficult problem to solve because any skilled outsiders who are hired are likely to be met with hostility and subversive acts from disgruntled family members. Another pr oblem often faced by family business leaders has to do with making decision on strategic planning. Today, the family that is successful in progressing at a steady rise from generation to

4 Ways to Sustain Tourism Industry Essay Example for Free

4 Ways to Sustain Tourism Industry Essay Sustainable destinations have achieved balance. They have balanced the long-term economic needs of residents with the short and medium term needs of businesses. They have done this by creating a diverse and value-laden tourism product that attracts a mix of domestic and international guests, many of whom are repeat visitors and have made a personal financial commitment to the destination. Sustainable destinations are managed by well-trained and committed staff. They have an up-to-date tourism plan which focuses on sustainable tourism. They have the personnel, resources, and political commitment to implement and monitor the plan. Achievements are tracked and made public. Tourists are consulted and their opinions are considered in plans. Safety is taken seriously and plans and policies exist for crisis, security, fire, health and safety. See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay Sustainable destinations reinvest the profits from their tourism activities in environmental conservation and historic restoration and preservation. They demonstrate a thriving culture, strong social networks and increasing biodiversity. They show effective planning, substantial land and marine protection, increased energy and water conservation, and a reduction in solid waste per guest over time. They have an effective recycling and wastewater sanitation program that is carefully managed. They have taken steps to reduce the carbon footprint of their activities. Sustainable destinations are internationally recognized, valued by tourists for their environmental quality, and receive increasing value from tourist stays. Assessment We start by working together to establish a long-term view of the destination landscape, identifying sustainability risks and strategic growth opportunities. We facilitate discussions with stakeholders, while utilizing our innovative tools and expertise to develop a clear plan of action. Planning As we design and implement initiatives, we’ll prioritize critical impacts, build local capacity and set achievable benchmarks. Over time, we’ll help you implement these programs, track their progress, and monitor your results. Standards and Monitoring Sustainable tourism standards are the genesis of quality tourism planning. Our place-based solutions focus on the needs of the destination, while assuring that local tourism businesses meet third-party verified levels of quality and sustainability.

Drug Screening in Government Assistance Programs

Drug Screening in Government Assistance Programs The United States Federal Government Should Initiate Drug Screening For Citizens Who Seek Government Assistance. Negative Strategy # 1 As Pollack, Danziger, Jayakody Seefeldt (2002) affirm, initiating involuntary dug screening for all citizens seeking government assistance is definitely costly. The purchase of modern drug screening equipment in numbers that will be able to screen all people who apply for welfare programs, especially with the large population of America, would certainly be an expensive exercise. In addition, like any other machine, the drug screen equipment will require regular servicing and maintenance, which require more resources at close intervals. It is equally undoubted that in order for the screening programs to be successful, medical professionals and technological professionals will need to take part. This implies that a competent staff that comprises of specialists in all relevant sectors of operation and in appropriate numbers will mandatorily be employed to make the program a success. Apparently, the cost of purchasing the drug screening equipment, maintaining them, and pay for all the i nvolved expenses including the human resources is most likely to exceed the amount of money that the federal government would save on implementing drug screening policy to persons seeking government’s assistance (Pollack et al., 2002). Similar to Pollack et al. (2002), Carey (1998) emphasizes that the implementation of compulsory drug testing policies to citizens who seek for government’s assistance is unnecessary, unjustifiable, and the highest level of misappropriation of taxpayers’ money.The implementation of laws that support mandatory drug screening for people applying for government assistance is unnecessary and misappropriation of taxpayers’ money Therefore, it unnecessary and unjustifiable that the federal government engages in a more expensive program with intentions to save taxpayers’ money, as the implementation of the drug screening program will cost a lot more of the taxpayers’ money than the welfare programs as they currently are (before the implementation of the policy). Fielding, Long, Imam, Tye Ogawa (2002) further states that initiating drug screen for all citizens seeking government’s assistance is likely to have very little (negligible) or even no effect on the prevalence of drug abuse in the country. According to Fielding et al. (2002), a majority of people who are financially vulnerable in the United States are not drug addicts. The cost of drugs in the country is relatively expensive for many people belonging to poor population, especially with the high tax rates that the government has implemented on drugs over subsequent years. They also notes that it is much more reasonable for the Federal government to determine the prevalence drug use in the country by assessing people based in their ages rather than income, as a majority of drug users fall within the productive ages of between 16 and 40 years (Fielding et al., 2002). Hence, the implementation of drug screening policy, which only demands for mandatory drug testing among the econo mically vulnerable, is likely play an insignificant role in controlling drug use in the country. Referring to Guthrie (1990), the implementation of the mandatory drug screening initiative for persons participating in welfare programs is unconstitutional and a violation of people rights to privacy and freedom to make personal choices. With the drug screening policy requiring that all people needing government assistance must be tested for all sorts of drugs including alcohol and tobacco before they can be eligible for the assistance, it is clear that the implementation of the policy will breach the law, especially with the fact that alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs in the United States. Provided one has attained the required age, he or she has the right use drugs that are legal for whichever reasons. Thus, it is unconstitutional and discriminative for the Federal government to deny law-abiding citizens the right to use legal drugs just because they are financially vulnerable and requires assistance from government-sponsored welfare programs. Negative strategy # 1 Rather than implementing mandatory drug screening policy to all citizens who apply for welfare programs, the government should support awareness creation programs that will discourage all members of the society to desist from drug abuse (DiNardo, 1994). The government should support school-based programs that aim at educating students in all levels of education ranging from elementary, secondary, middle-level colleges, to universities on the dangers of drug use. The government should equally use the mainstream media to run campaigns that discourage drug use while at the same time limit the campaigns on the same media that promote drug use. The federal government should equally compel all drug manufacturers to include cautionary or warning messages on the packages of their products to educate consumers on the negative effects of the drugs they are using. Through the creation of consciousness on the need to shun drug use, it is clear that many people will develop an internal motivation to stop drug abuse rather than being compelled to stop using drugs because one is financially vulnerable. As Pavetti, Olson, Nightingale, Duke Isaacs (1997) points out, drug addiction is like a chronic disease and one hardly, whether willingly or unwillingly, stop the practice overnight. Stopping drug use is a gradual process, and drug addicts need to be taken through comprehensive behavior change programs that may take up to one or two years. Based on that, the Federal government should construct more rehabilitation facilities and equip them with the necessary human resources and machinery with which to support drug addicts to stop unproductive drug use; instead of implementing the dictatorial and illegal drug testing policy on applicants of government’s assistance. The access to the rehabilitation programs should equally be enhanced, particularly by making them affordable to all people including the economically vulnerable. Using the behavior change programs where professionals take drug addicts through gradual steps in on how to stop the addiction, it is evident that the gover nment is bound to get better results on drug control than implementing the drug policy, which will require people to forcefully, stop drug abuse in order to be eligible for welfare programs (Pavetti et al., 1997). An alternative strategy to implementing the drug screen policy on citizens needing government’s assistance is the formulation and then implementation of strict legislations that govern drug use in the country. As Hora, Schma Rosenthal (1998) support, the use of the legal infrastructure where all people who violate drug laws are punished promptly by the court of law is likely to give better results in the fight against drug use. The legislations should provide a platform on which people who take illicit drugs, those who sell drugs to minors, and those who use drugs inappropriately are surely prosecuted and punished by huge fines and even imprisonment sentences. The federal government should improve surveillance on drug abusers and work with the judicial systems to ensure that all violators of drug laws are held accountable for their actions. Through that, people will shun from the illegal use of drugs, and that will help in controlling the prevalence of drug abuse in the socie ty. References Pollack, H. A., Danziger, S., Jayakody, R., Seefeldt, K. S. (2002). Drug testing welfare recipients—false positives, false negatives, unanticipated opportunities.Womens Health Issues,12(1), 23-31. Fielding, J. E., Long, A. M., Imam, I. J., Tye, G., Ogawa, P. L. (2002). The drug court programs of Los Angeles County: the initial results.A Journal of the Substance Abuse Treatment,23(3), 217-224. Guthrie, P. M. (1990). The Drug Test and Welfare: Taking of the Drug War into Unconstitutional Limits.Ind. LJ,66, 579. Carey, C. A. (1998). Crafting of a challenge to the practice of the drug testing welfare participants: the federal welfare reform, and state response as one of the most recent chapters in the war against drugs.Buff. L. Rev.,46, 281. DiNardo, J. (1994). The critical review of estimates of the specific costs of alcohol and drug usage. InDrug testing in the workplace(pp. 57-76). Springer US. Pavetti, L., Olson, Nightingale, D., Duke, A. E., Isaacs, J. (1997). Welfare-to-Work Options for Families Facing Personal and Family Challenges: Rationale and Program Strategies. Hora, P. F., Schma, W. G., Rosenthal, J. T. (1998). The therapeutic jurisprudence, as well as the drug treatment and court movement: A Revolutionizing of the response system of the criminal justice to drug abuse, and crime in the U.S..Notre Dame L. Rev.,74, 439.

business plan Essay -- essays research papers

Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor Fast ‘n Fresh Ice Cream â€Å"Fast ‘n Fresh- - good for you!† Statement of Purpose   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The purpose of this business plan is to support a request for a 75,000 five-year bank loan to purchase equipment and inventory as part of the financing for a start-up sole proprietorship, Fast ‘n Fresh Premiun Ice Cream Parlor. The business will be owned by Daniel W. Beese and will be located in leased space at 858 Success Ave in the new Riverside Faire shopping center, Jacksonville, FL 32211. The owner will provide a minimum of 75,00 in initial equity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The business will serve healthy and premium ice cream, yogurt, sandwiches, and nonalcholic beverages to the generally upscale target market of Riverside Faire. Based on the financial and competive analysis presented in this plan, Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor will be sucessful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is anticipated that Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor will become established in Jacksonville, FL within two years and will become known throughout the North Florida area within five years with the potential of multiple locations. The Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor’s distinct logo, it’s reputation for fast service and only the freshest ingredients, plus it’s slogan, â€Å"Fast ‘n Fresh- good for you!† will provide a distinctive competive edge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The owner, Daniel W. Beese, has founded three highly successful food service businesses in the North Florida area. The owner holds an undergraduate degree and a MBA from the University of Florida. The Business Description   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor will be a start-up ice cream parlor located in leased space at 858 Success Ave in the new Riverside Faire shopping Center, Jacksonville, FL 32211. A ninety-day option has been taken on this location. The estimated opening day is April 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daniel W. Beese will own the business as a sole proprietorship. Each of the business owned by Daniel W. Beese has broken even after only six months and was sold for a minimum of three times the owners investment. Fast ‘n Frsh Ice Cream Parlor will be an upscale restaurant selling premium ice cream, yogurt, sandwiches, and hot... ...ations in Jacksonville, FL. The closest Superior Flavors is four miles away . Superior Flavors is well known for their creative yogurt and ice cream flavors. Their products are priced moderately and they do not serve sandwiches. Superior Flavors has a competive advantage with it’s name recognition. Fast ‘n Fresh has a advantage beacuse it offers sandwiches. Personnel   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The business will operate using local University, Community College, and high school students as it’s principle employees. This will reflect a youthful, invigorating image consistent with its â€Å"Fast ‘n Fresh -- good for you!† slogan. The manager will be an experienced person from one of the owner’s other businesses. A special employee benefit will be Fast ‘n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor scholarships covering tuition and books. This offer will only be good after employees complete the ninety day probation period. The majority of the employees will be part time with a full time manager. Student employees will earn 6.50/hr with oppurtunities for pay increases. The manager will be paid 10% above prevailing salary levels. A policy of promotion form within will be adopted.

Men Are Better Leaders Essay

Women in high-level leadership positions, such as corporate CEOs, when studied, seem to exhibit the same sorts of leadership behaviors as their male counterparts. That is probably because the demands of the leadership role require certain actions and behaviors to succeed. In addition, because of the hurdles that women must leap to get to the top (leadership and gender expert, Alice Eagly, refers to this as the â€Å"labyrinth† that women, but not men, need to go through), it could be the case that only women who exhibit the same sorts of leadership styles and behaviors as male leaders make it through. So, studying leaders at the top, gives the impression that there are no big differences in how men and women lead. You get a somewhat different picture if you ask followers and leaders about male and female leaders. They notice differences that are in line with stereotypes about men and women, reporting that female leaders are more nurturing, empathic, and responsive than male leaders, but they will also report the negative side (e. g. , moody). Male leaders, on the other hand, are perceived to be more action-oriented and more focused on tasks. As a Catalyst study concludes that according to leaders and followers in the workplace, â€Å"women leaders take care, men leaders take charge. † Realize, however, that this involves people’s perceptions of leaders, colored by stereotypes and expectations. Finally, there is a growing body of research that has studied the leadership styles and leadership â€Å"potential† of men and women, typically men and women managers (but also women in non-managerial positions). For example, using the theory of transformational leadership as an indicator of successful leadership (transformational leaders are inspirational, positive role models, concerned about followers, empowering, and push followers to be creative and take chances), research shows that women, as a group, have more transformational qualities than men. In other words, and based on this research, women have more leadership potential and tend to lead more effectively than men (I discussed this in an earlier post). So, what are the implications? Well, as attitudes about women leaders change (they are changing, albeit ever so slowly) and the â€Å"labyrinth† becomes less difficult to navigate, we expect more to women attain high-level leadership positions. Noted leadership scholar, Bernard Bass, predicted that by the year 2034 the majority of high-level leaders will be women, based on their more transformational qualities. Of course, men in leadership positions are also realizing that the old way of leading – taking charge (command and control) – may not be as effective in today’s world and in the future, so they learn to adapt and change how they lead.

Personality Theorists Bandura and Maslow

Personality is a fascinating subject to study, because every person has a personality that is unique and complex. Personality theorists spend their time studying the reasons why people act the way they do. Are their innate processes that ensure a person will react to a situation differently if he is hungry? How will two different people behave if they both witness the same automobile crash?How behavior is affected and determined has been studied for years, and there are many different theories. Two theorists who have contributed significantly to this field of study are Bandura and Maslow.Bandura, like all behaviorists, was primarily interested in the stimulus-response branch of psychology. Having studied Skinner’s approach to Behaviorism, Bandura did agree that external forces contributed to behaviors. He believed environmental situations and reinforcers lead to certain behaviors. But Bandura also set out to answer some problems he found with Skinner’s theory. As Wagner (2009) states, even in his earliest work, Bandura argued that believing behavior could only be caused by a stimulus-response cycle was too simplistic.His studies led him to believe that behavior was not only a reaction to environmental stimuli as Skinner had proposed, but could also be learned from watching a model perform the behavior that could be copied. He also believed that learning could be cognitive. One of the most significant observations Bandura made during his studies was that while the environment did cause behaviors, behaviors could also create an environment. This phenomenon he called reciprocal determinism: The world and a person’s behavior cause each other.Bandura also believed that self-efficacy contributed to behavior. A person’s internal need to attain goals could cause them to behave in a way that ensured them success. Due to his research, Bandura argued that external and internal factors affected behavior. People can choose to act a certain way, o r the environment can cause them to act a certain way. Another theorist who made significant contributions to personality and behavior theory was Maslow. His most significant theory was his idea of a hierarchy of human needs.At the most basic level, humans have intrinsic needs, such as food and shelter, and the feeling of safety. Internal factors such as being hungry and the ability to breathe properly contribute to outward behaviors. Lemer (2000) summarized Maslow’s ideas into a practical application, by stating that, with children, adults should address the higher level needs for safety, security and knowledge only after the most primitive biological needs are met. Clearly, internal needs factor into behavior.As a people move up the hierarchy however, external factors begin to play a much larger role in behavior choice. Concepts such as morality, respect, and self-esteem are influenced by external factors such as societal demands and personal interactions. Maslow, like Band ura, believed that both internal and external factors contributed to behaviors. People behave certain ways at certain times due to a myriad of factors. Both of these theorists make powerful cases for the idea that behavior is both intrinsically and externally motivated. The case for internal motivation is solid.There are times when people choose to behave in a certain manner due to a need for respect, to fulfill a perceived role, or to attain a goal. Their behavior during those times is due to an internal desire for something. However, there are other times when environmental factors also cause behavior. A person may be trying to act a certain way, but a situation may arise that causes them to change the course of their behavior. It is also true that people can learn through simple observation, and this has to be caused by both internal and external factors.The environment and the situation the person is watching is shaping their behavior. But it also the internal need to duplicate the behavior of the other person that causes them to watch and learn. Both Bandura and Maslow believed that behavior was both internally and externally motivated. References Wagner, K. V. (2009). Albert Bandura biography. Retrieved May 10, 2009 from http://psychology. about. com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/bio_bandura. htmfrom Lemer, P. S. (2000). Treat needs, not behavior: Maslow for the millennium. New Developments, 6(2), 23-26.